“从大洋到大洋”——美国人这样形容这条横贯美国全境的“大干线”。太平洋铁路实际上分为两条不同的线路:中央太平洋铁路连接旧金山和奥格登,联合太平洋铁路连接奥格登和奥马哈。有五条主要干线将奥马哈与纽约相连。
纽约和旧金山就这样被一条连绵不断的钢铁纽带连接起来,全长不少于三千七百八十六英里。在奥马哈和太平洋之间,铁路穿越的地区仍然有印第安人和野兽出没,还有一大片土地是摩门教徒在1845年被赶出伊利诺伊州后开始殖民的。
过去,从纽约到旧金山的旅程,在最有利的条件下,至少要花费六个月。现在只需七天就能完成。
尽管南方国会议员希望采用更靠南的路线,但还是在1862年决定将铁路修建在北纬四十一度和四十二度之间。林肯总统亲自将线路终点定在内布拉斯加州的奥马哈。工程立即开始,并以真正的美国速度推进;这种快速施工并没有损害工程质量。在大草原上,铁路以每天一英里半的速度延伸。前一天傍晚铺设好铁轨后,火车头就开上去,带来第二天要铺设的铁轨,随着铁轨的铺设,火车头也向前推进。
太平洋铁路在爱荷华州、堪萨斯州、科罗拉多州和俄勒冈州有多条支线相连。离开奥马哈后,它沿着普拉特河左岸延伸至其北支流的汇合处,然后沿其南支流前行,穿越拉勒米地区和瓦萨奇山脉,绕过盐湖,到达摩门教首府盐湖城,再进入图伊拉谷地,横跨美国沙漠、雪松山脉和洪堡山脉、内华达山脉,最终经由萨克拉门托下行至太平洋——即使在落基山脉,坡度也从未超过每英里一百一十二英尺。
这就是福克先生需要在七天内走完的路线,这样他就能——至少他希望能——在11日赶上从纽约开往利物浦的大西洋轮船。
他所乘坐的车厢是一种有八个轮子的长形公共马车,内部没有隔间。车厢内有两排座位,与列车行驶方向垂直,分列在走道两侧,走道通向车头和车尾的平台。整个列车都有这样的平台,乘客可以从列车一端走到另一端。列车配有沙龙车厢、观景车厢、餐车和吸烟车厢;唯独缺少剧院车厢,不过总有一天他们会有的。
书报贩、食品饮料和雪茄小贩不断在走道间穿梭,似乎顾客盈门。
列车于六点离开奥克兰站。此时已是夜晚,寒冷而凄凉,天空乌云密布,似乎预示着要下雪。列车开得并不快;算上停靠站,时速不超过二十英里,但这样的速度足以让它在规定时间内抵达奥马哈。
车厢里很少有人交谈,很快许多乘客就睡着了。路路通发现自己坐在侦探旁边;但他没有和他说话。经过最近的事件,他们之间的关系变得有些冷淡;彼此之间不再有同情或亲密。费克斯的态度没有改变;但路路通非常沉默,随时准备因一点小事就掐死他这位昔日的朋友。
火车出发一小时后开始下雪,不过只是一场小雪,幸好不会妨碍列车运行;窗外什么也看不见,只有一片白茫茫的雪原,机车喷出的烟雾在雪地上呈现出灰蒙蒙的颜色。
八点钟,一名乘务员走进车厢,宣布该睡觉了;几分钟后,车厢就变成了宿舍。座椅靠背被放倒,精心折叠的床铺通过巧妙的装置滚了出来,铺位突然变了出来,每位旅客很快都拥有了一张舒适的床,厚厚的窗帘挡住了好奇的目光。床单干净,枕头柔软。大家只需上床睡觉就行了——所有人都照做了,而列车则继续飞驰穿过加利福尼亚州。
旧金山和萨克拉门托之间的地区并不十分丘陵起伏。中央太平洋铁路以萨克拉门托为起点,向东延伸与奥马哈来的铁路相接。从旧金山到萨克拉门托的铁路线向东北方向延伸,沿着流入圣巴勃罗湾的美洲河而行。这两个城市之间的一百二十英里路程在六小时内完成;午夜时分,旅客们还在熟睡中,列车驶过了萨克拉门托;所以他们没看到这个重要地方——州政府所在地——的美丽码头、宽阔街道、豪华酒店、广场和教堂。
列车离开萨克拉门托,经过交汇点罗克林、奥本和科尔法克斯后,进入了内华达山脉的范围。早上七点到达思科;一小时后,宿舍车厢又变回了普通车厢,旅客们可以欣赏沿途山区如画的风景。铁路轨道在隘口间蜿蜒曲折,时而靠近山边,时而高悬在悬崖之上,用大胆的弯道避开急转弯,冲入看似没有出口的狭窄峡谷。机车的大烟囱发出怪异的光芒,尖锐的铃铛和像马刺一样伸出的排障器,它的尖啸和轰鸣与激流瀑布的喧闹交织在一起,烟雾缠绕在参天松树的枝杈间。
沿途几乎没有桥梁或隧道。铁路绕着山腰修建,并没有试图通过取两点间最短距离来违背自然。
列车大约在九点钟通过卡森谷地进入内华达州,一直向东北方向行驶;中午到达里诺,在那里停留二十分钟用午餐。
从这一点开始,铁路沿着洪堡河向北延伸数英里;然后转向东,沿着河流直到几乎到达内华达州最东端的洪堡山脉。
用完午餐后,福克先生和他的同伴们回到车厢座位上,观察着沿途展现的多样风景:广阔的大草原、地平线上的山脉、以及泡沫飞溅的溪流。有时,远处聚集在一起的大群野牛看起来像是一道移动的水坝。这些数不清的反刍动物群经常对列车通行构成不可逾越的障碍;曾经有成千上万头野牛紧密排列,一连数小时穿过铁轨。这时机车被迫停下,等待道路再次畅通。
福克先生乘坐的列车确实遇到了这种情况。大约十二点钟,一万到一万二千头野牛阻塞了轨道。机车放慢速度,试图用排障器清除道路;但动物群实在太庞大了。野牛们迈着从容的步伐行进,不时发出震耳欲聋的吼叫声。试图打断它们是没有用的,因为它们一旦确定了方向,就没有什么能减缓或改变它们的路线;这是一股活肉洪流,任何堤坝都无法阻挡。
旅客们从平台上观看这一奇观;但最应该着急的斐利亚·福克却坐在座位上,以哲学家的态度等待着,直到野牛们乐意让出路来。
路路通对他们造成的延误怒不可遏,恨不得掏出手枪向他们射击。
“这算什么国家!”他喊道。“家畜就能挡住火车,还排着队走,好像它们不是在阻碍交通似的!天哪!我倒想知道福克先生有没有在他的日程表里预见到这种倒霉事!还有这个火车司机,他居然不敢把机车开进这群畜生里!”
司机没有试图克服这个障碍,他是明智的。毫无疑问,排障器会碾碎前面的几头野牛;但是,无论机车多么强大,很快就会被阻挡住,列车将不可避免地脱轨,然后陷入无助的境地。
最好的办法是耐心等待,等障碍清除后,再提高速度来弥补失去的时间。野牛的队列整整持续了三个小时,直到夜幕降临,铁轨才被清理干净。兽群的最后几排正穿过铁轨,而第一批已经消失在南方的地平线下。
晚上八点,列车穿过洪堡山脉的峡谷;九点半,进入犹他州——大盐湖地区,那个奇特的摩门教殖民地。
IN WHICH PHILEAS FOGG AND PARTY TRAVEL BY THE PACIFIC RAILROAD
“From ocean to ocean”—so say the Americans; and these four words
compose the general designation of the “great trunk line” which crosses
the entire width of the United States. The Pacific Railroad is,
however, really divided into two distinct lines: the Central Pacific,
between San Francisco and Ogden, and the Union Pacific, between Ogden
and Omaha. Five main lines connect Omaha with New York.
New York and San Francisco are thus united by an uninterrupted metal
ribbon, which measures no less than three thousand seven hundred and
eighty-six miles. Between Omaha and the Pacific the railway crosses a
territory which is still infested by Indians and wild beasts, and a
large tract which the Mormons, after they were driven from Illinois in
1845, began to colonise.
The journey from New York to San Francisco consumed, formerly, under
the most favourable conditions, at least six months. It is now
accomplished in seven days.
It was in 1862 that, in spite of the Southern Members of Congress, who
wished a more southerly route, it was decided to lay the road between
the forty-first and forty-second parallels. President Lincoln himself
fixed the end of the line at Omaha, in Nebraska. The work was at once
commenced, and pursued with true American energy; nor did the rapidity
with which it went on injuriously affect its good execution. The road
grew, on the prairies, a mile and a half a day. A locomotive, running
on the rails laid down the evening before, brought the rails to be laid
on the morrow, and advanced upon them as fast as they were put in
position.
The Pacific Railroad is joined by several branches in Iowa, Kansas,
Colorado, and Oregon. On leaving Omaha, it passes along the left bank
of the Platte River as far as the junction of its northern branch,
follows its southern branch, crosses the Laramie territory and the
Wahsatch Mountains, turns the Great Salt Lake, and reaches Salt Lake
City, the Mormon capital, plunges into the Tuilla Valley, across the
American Desert, Cedar and Humboldt Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and
descends, _viâ_ Sacramento, to the Pacific—its grade, even on the Rocky
Mountains, never exceeding one hundred and twelve feet to the mile.
Such was the road to be traversed in seven days, which would enable
Phileas Fogg—at least, so he hoped—to take the Atlantic steamer at New
York on the 11th for Liverpool.
The car which he occupied was a sort of long omnibus on eight wheels,
and with no compartments in the interior. It was supplied with two rows
of seats, perpendicular to the direction of the train on either side of
an aisle which conducted to the front and rear platforms. These
platforms were found throughout the train, and the passengers were able
to pass from one end of the train to the other. It was supplied with
saloon cars, balcony cars, restaurants, and smoking-cars; theatre cars
alone were wanting, and they will have these some day.
Book and news dealers, sellers of edibles, drinkables, and cigars, who
seemed to have plenty of customers, were continually circulating in the
aisles.