谢泼德先生是一位谦恭谨慎的律师,无论他对沃尔特爵士有何等影响力或盘算,他宁愿让旁人来提出那个不愉快的话题,因此自己绝口不提半点建议,只恳求允许完全仰仗拉塞尔夫人的卓见。他深知她明智,料定她会提出他所希望最终采纳的那种果断措施。
拉塞尔夫人对此事极为热衷,认真考虑了许久。她并非才思敏捷,而是见解稳健;由于两条基本原则相互抵触,她在这件事上感到十分为难。她本人品行端方,有细腻的荣誉感;但同时,她又急于顾全沃尔特爵士的面子,关心家族的名声,对于家族应享的体面抱有与任何明达正直之人同样强烈的贵族观念。她是个仁慈、乐善好施的好女人,感情深厚,举止十分端正,恪守礼仪规范,其风度被奉为教养的标准。她修养良好,总的来说通情达理、始终如一——但她对门第抱有偏见;她看重地位和权势,这使她对拥有这些的人之缺点有些视而不见。她自己不过是一位爵士的遗孀,却对从男爵的尊严十分敬重;而沃尔特爵士,且不说他是老相识、殷勤的邻居、慷慨的房东、她挚友的丈夫、安妮及其姐妹的父亲,就凭他是沃尔特爵士这一点,在她看来,在他目前的困境中也理应得到极大的同情和体谅。
他们必须紧缩开支;这一点毋庸置疑。但她极希望尽可能少让沃尔特爵士和伊丽莎白痛苦。她拟定了节约计划,做了精确的计算,还做了一件别人都想不到的事:她征询了安妮的意见。在其他人看来,安妮似乎从来与这个问题无关。她征询了安妮,并在一定程度上受她影响,制定了最终提交给沃尔特爵士的紧缩方案。安妮的每一条修正都是偏向诚实而反对虚荣。她希望采取更有力的措施,更彻底的改革,更快地摆脱债务,对除公正与公平之外的一切都抱着更加超然的态度。
“如果我们能说服你父亲接受这一切,”拉塞尔夫人看着自己的文件说,“那就能大有作为。如果他采纳这些措施,七年之内他就能还清债务;我希望我们能说服他和伊丽莎白:凯林奇府邸本身自有其体面,不会因这些缩减而受损;而沃尔特·埃利奥特爵士真正的尊严,在明理之人眼中,也绝不会因为他行事像个有原则的人而有所减损。事实上,他要做的,不过是我们许多一流世家已经做过或应该做的事罢了。他的情况毫不特殊;而正是特殊性往往使我们的痛苦雪上加霜,正如它总是使我们的行为变糟一样。我很有希望说服他们。我们必须认真而果断;因为说到底,欠债的人必须还债;虽然像你父亲这样一位绅士、一家之主,其感受理应得到很大考虑,但一个诚实人的品格更应得到更大考虑。”
安妮正是希望父亲遵循这一原则,也希望他的朋友们以此敦促他。她认为,以最全面的紧缩所能确保的最快速度清偿债权人的债务,是义不容辞的责任;在她看来,任何打折扣的做法都有失尊严。她希望将此定为必须遵守的准则,并视为一种义务。她非常看重拉塞尔夫人的影响力;至于她自己良心所要求的严格克己,她相信说服他们进行彻底改革与只改一半相比,困难不会大多少。她对父亲和伊丽莎白的了解使她倾向于认为,少养一对马与两对都不养相比,痛苦几乎不相上下;拉塞尔夫人那份过于温和的缩减清单上,其他各项也莫不如此。
安妮更为严格的要求究竟会被如何接受,已无关紧要。拉塞尔夫人的建议则毫无成效:根本让人无法容忍,无法忍受。“什么!把生活的一切舒适都取消了!旅行、伦敦、仆人、马匹、餐桌——处处都要缩减限制!连一个普通绅士的体面都维持不下了!不,他宁愿立即离开凯林奇府,也不愿在这种丢脸的条件下继续住下去。”
“离开凯林奇府。”这一暗示立刻被谢泼德先生抓住了。谢泼德的利益与沃尔特爵士真正紧缩开支息息相关,他深信若不换个住处,什么也办不成。“既然这个念头是从应当发号施令的那一位嘴里说出来的,”他说,“我毫无顾虑地承认我完全赞同这个意见。在他看来,沃尔特爵士住在一座需要维持好客名声和古老尊严的宅邸里,是不可能大幅改变生活方式的。到了别的任何地方,沃尔特爵士都可以自行其是;而且无论他如何安排家宅,人们都会尊他为生活方式的表率。”
沃尔特爵士决定离开凯林奇府;又经过几天的犹豫不决,他该去往何处这一重大问题终于定了下来,这项重大变动的初步方案也拟定出来。
当时有三个选择:伦敦、巴斯,或乡间的另一座房子。安妮一心向往后者。她的理想是在自家附近找一所小房子,这样仍能与拉塞尔夫人来往,离玛丽也近,还能偶尔见到凯林奇的草坪和树林。但安妮一向的命运又降临到她身上:偏偏选定了与她的心愿截然相反的地方。她不喜欢巴斯,觉得那里不适合自己;而巴斯恰恰要成为她的家。
沃尔特爵士起初更想伦敦;但谢泼德先生觉得他在伦敦不可靠,便巧妙地劝阻了他,使他转而偏爱巴斯。对于身处他这种困境的绅士来说,巴斯是个安全得多的去处:在那里,他可以花较少的钱就显得举足轻重。当然,巴斯胜过伦敦的两大实际优势得到了充分考虑:一是离凯林奇更近,只有五十英里;二是拉塞尔夫人每年冬天都要在那里住一阵。拉塞尔夫人对这次迁居的最初想法就是巴斯,因此她非常满意;沃尔特爵士和伊丽莎白也被说服,相信在那里定居既不会丧失地位,也不会减少乐趣。
拉塞尔夫人不得不违背她亲爱的安妮的已知心愿。指望沃尔特爵士屈尊住到自家附近的小房子里,未免太过分了。安妮自己也会发现其中的屈辱比她预想的更多,而就沃尔特爵士的感受而言,那一定极为可怕。至于安妮不喜欢巴斯,拉塞尔夫人认为那是一种偏见和误会,起因有二:其一,她母亲去世后,安妮曾在巴斯上了三年学;其二,后来她与拉塞尔夫人一起在巴斯度过的唯一一个冬天,她恰好心情不佳。
总之,拉塞尔夫人喜欢巴斯,倾向于认为那里一定适合他们所有人;至于她年轻朋友的健康,只要她每个温暖的月份都到凯林奇小屋与她同住,一切风险都可以避免;事实上,这次迁居必然有益于健康和心情。安妮离家太少,露面也太少。她的情绪不高。更大的社交圈会改善她的情绪。她希望安妮得到更多人的了解。
对沃尔特爵士来说,在附近另找一所房子的不可取之处,又因计划中的一部分——而且是非常重要的部分——而大大加强;这部分计划很幸运地在开始时便附加上了。他不仅要离开家园,而且要眼看着它落入他人之手;这是一种对坚毅的考验,比沃尔特爵士更坚强的人也会觉得难以承受。凯林奇府要出租。不过,这是一个绝密,不能在他们自己的圈子以外透出半点风声。
沃尔特爵士无法忍受别人知道他打算出租房子这种丢脸的事。谢泼德先生曾提过“登广告”这个词,但再也不敢提起。沃尔特爵士不屑于以任何方式招租;禁止任何人透露半点他有此意的口风;只有在某位无可挑剔的申请者主动请求,且按他的条件,并作为莫大恩惠的情况下,他才肯出租。
我们喜欢什么,理由就来得多么快!拉塞尔夫人手边又有一个绝佳的理由,让她对沃尔特爵士全家离开乡下感到极为高兴。伊丽莎白近来与别人结下了一段交情,拉塞尔夫人希望看到它中断。这段交情是与谢泼德先生的女儿结下的。那女子婚后不幸,带着两个孩子这个额外负担回到娘家。她是个聪明的年轻女子,懂得讨人喜欢的艺术——至少懂得在凯林奇府讨人喜欢的艺术;她深得埃利奥特小姐的欢心,已经不止一次在那里小住,尽管拉塞尔夫人认为这种友谊很不妥当,多次暗示要小心和节制。
事实上,拉塞尔夫人对伊丽莎白几乎没有什么影响力,她爱伊丽莎白,似乎与其说是因为伊丽莎白值得爱,不如说是因为她自己愿意爱。她从伊丽莎白那里得到的从来只是表面的殷勤,不过是礼貌的应酬;凡是她想反对伊丽莎白原先意向而坚持己见的事,她从不曾成功过。她曾多次极为恳切地设法让安妮一同去伦敦,对于把安妮排除在外的自私安排所包含的不公和耻辱,她深有体会;在许多次要场合,她也曾努力让伊丽莎白受益于她自己更明智的判断和经验;但总是徒劳:伊丽莎白总是我行我素;而在这件事上——选择克莱夫人——她与拉塞尔夫人作对,比以往任何时候都更加坚决;她抛开一位如此可敬的姐妹的交往,把感情和信任倾注在一个对她本该只是保持礼貌距离的人身上。
就处境而言,克莱夫人依拉塞尔夫人看来是个地位很不相称的伴侣;就品性而言,她相信她是个非常危险的伴侣;因此,迁居可以在身后甩下克莱夫人,又让埃利奥特小姐有机会结识更合适的密友,这便成了头等重要的大事。
Mr Shepherd, a civil, cautious lawyer, who, whatever might be his hold
or his views on Sir Walter, would rather have the _disagreeable_
prompted by anybody else, excused himself from offering the slightest
hint, and only begged leave to recommend an implicit reference to the
excellent judgement of Lady Russell, from whose known good sense he
fully expected to have just such resolute measures advised as he meant
to see finally adopted.
Lady Russell was most anxiously zealous on the subject, and gave it
much serious consideration. She was a woman rather of sound than of
quick abilities, whose difficulties in coming to any decision in this
instance were great, from the opposition of two leading principles. She
was of strict integrity herself, with a delicate sense of honour; but
she was as desirous of saving Sir Walter’s feelings, as solicitous for
the credit of the family, as aristocratic in her ideas of what was due
to them, as anybody of sense and honesty could well be. She was a
benevolent, charitable, good woman, and capable of strong attachments,
most correct in her conduct, strict in her notions of decorum, and with
manners that were held a standard of good-breeding. She had a
cultivated mind, and was, generally speaking, rational and
consistent—but she had prejudices on the side of ancestry; she had a
value for rank and consequence, which blinded her a little to the
faults of those who possessed them. Herself the widow of only a knight,
she gave the dignity of a baronet all its due; and Sir Walter,
independent of his claims as an old acquaintance, an attentive
neighbour, an obliging landlord, the husband of her very dear friend,
the father of Anne and her sisters, was, as being Sir Walter, in her
apprehension, entitled to a great deal of compassion and consideration
under his present difficulties.
They must retrench; that did not admit of a doubt. But she was very
anxious to have it done with the least possible pain to him and
Elizabeth. She drew up plans of economy, she made exact calculations,
and she did what nobody else thought of doing: she consulted Anne, who
never seemed considered by the others as having any interest in the
question. She consulted, and in a degree was influenced by her in
marking out the scheme of retrenchment which was at last submitted to
Sir Walter. Every emendation of Anne’s had been on the side of honesty
against importance. She wanted more vigorous measures, a more complete
reformation, a quicker release from debt, a much higher tone of
indifference for everything but justice and equity.
“If we can persuade your father to all this,” said Lady Russell,
looking over her paper, “much may be done. If he will adopt these
regulations, in seven years he will be clear; and I hope we may be able
to convince him and Elizabeth, that Kellynch Hall has a respectability
in itself which cannot be affected by these reductions; and that the
true dignity of Sir Walter Elliot will be very far from lessened in the
eyes of sensible people, by acting like a man of principle. What will
he be doing, in fact, but what very many of our first families have
done, or ought to do? There will be nothing singular in his case; and
it is singularity which often makes the worst part of our suffering, as
it always does of our conduct. I have great hope of prevailing. We must
be serious and decided; for after all, the person who has contracted
debts must pay them; and though a great deal is due to the feelings of
the gentleman, and the head of a house, like your father, there is
still more due to the character of an honest man.”